Hallux rigidus means that the big toe joint becomes stiff and difficult to bend upwards. The stiffness makes it difficult to take a normal step and can lead to pain, altered gait patterns and increased strain on the forefoot.
What is hallux rigidus?
Hallux rigidus is a common problem where the big toe joint gradually loses its mobility, often due to osteoarthritis in the joint. The cartilage breaks down, reducing the joint's ability to glide and leading to stiffness. The condition can develop after repeated minor injuries to the big toe joint or over time as a wear-and-tear injury. Hallux limitus is a milder form of hallux rigidus, but the conditions are similar and basically describe the same type of stiffness in the big toe joint.
Symptoms
- Pain and tenderness in the big toe joint
- Increasing stiffness that worsens over time
- Swelling and increased pain with strain
- Difficulty completing the step normally
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Outwardly rotated gait pattern as compensation
Common causes & risk factors
Hallux rigidus is most often caused by the development of osteoarthritis in the big toe joint, where the articular cartilage gradually wears down. Other contributing factors may be repeated minor injuries in connection with sports, prolonged incorrect loading or overpronation that increases pressure on the inside of the forefoot.
When should you seek medical attention?
If the stiffness and pain in the big toe joint affects your gait, everyday activities, or if you cannot walk longer distances without discomfort, you should contact your healthcare provider for an assessment.
Recommended protection & support
To reduce the load on the forefoot and big toe joint, various aids can be used. Forefoot pads stabilize the front arch of the foot and reduce pressure over the joint, while pronation insoles relieve the inside of the forefoot when overpronating. Arch supports with a roller sole or carbon fiber reinforcement can make the step easier to complete, and shoes with a roller sole make the step softer while reducing the load on the big toe joint.
